Lung carcinoma presenting as monocular painless blindness.

To discuss a very rare presentation of lung malignancy which results in visual disturbance as first and only clinical manifestation. Case report. We report a case of otherwise asymptomatic 32-year-old, nonsmoker female presenting with painless loss of vision in the right eye and photophobia in the left eye, owing to secondaries in choroid from lung carcinoma. Patient was worked up after admission in our hospital to ascertain the cause of blindness and subsequently revealed lung malignancy with widespread metastasis involving multiple organ systems. Despite widespread malignant involvement patient was completely asymptomatic and active except for visual disturbances. This case further emphasized the necessity of prompt and priority-based evaluation of patients for lung carcinoma whenever doubtful intraocular lesions are noted, regardless of age or smoking status. It seems that these cases represent a distinct subset of lung malignancy.

Unravelling the secrets of lesser florican: a study of their home range and habitat use in Gujarat, India.

The home range of a species is determined by a complex interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, which can have profound impacts on the species' resource use. Understanding these dynamics is especially important for conserving critically endangered species. In this study, we used satellite telemetry to investigate the home range of the critically endangered lesser florican (Sypheotides indicus) in Gujarat, India. We analysed GPS locations from 10 lesser floricans deployed with GPS/GSM transmitters between 2020 and 2022. The average home range size (95% KDE) was 10.73 ± 10.70 km2 (mean ± SD), while the average core area (50% KDE) was 1.95 ± 1.56 km2 (mean ± SD). The monthly and daily distances covered were 286.29 ± 599.42 km and 10.11 ± 19.78 km, respectively. Our analysis indicated that suitable habitats and movement patterns were the most important factors explaining the variation in home range size. Specifically, our results suggest that lesser floricans prefer multi-use agro-grassland habitat systems with heterogeneous structures to accommodate different life history requirements. This preference may reflect the depletion and degradation of grasslands across the species' range. Therefore, managing grassland habitats amidst croplands should be one of the key conservation strategies for the lesser florican.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma patients.

IMPORTANCE: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune neurological disorder that is characterized by symmetrical progressive worsening or relapsing weakness and numbness of the limbs. There are no reliable diagnostic tests or definitive diagnostic criteria, and the diagnosis remains one of excluding other cases of polyneuropathy. Typical treatment for CIDP includes corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and plasma exchange. Little is known about CIDP as a treatment complication of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ipilimumab and nivolumab). This report will be helpful in increasing awareness and knowledge about this unique entity. OBSERVATIONS: We describe two cases of CIDP secondary to treatment with combined ipilimumab and nivolumab in patients with metastatic melanoma that were successfully treated with prednisone and IVIG. Conclusion and Relevance: This report illustrates that treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors can lead to CIDP that can be successfully treated with complete resolution of symptoms. CIDP secondary to checkpoint inhibitors may have unique features such as low-grade lymphocytic pleocytosis on CSF evaluation as well as severe neuropathic pain as an early presenting symptom. Additionally, it is interesting to note that both patients presented in this report remained melanoma-free on follow-up more than 16 months later.

Altered Expression of a Chloroplast Protein Affects the Outcome of Virus and Nematode Infection.

The chloroplast-resident RNA helicase ISE2 (INCREASED SIZE EXCLUSION LIMIT2) can modulate the formation and distribution of plasmodesmata and intercellular trafficking. We have determined that ISE2 expression is induced by viral infection. Therefore, the responses of Nicotiana benthamiana plants with varying levels of ISE2 expression to infection by Tobacco mosaic virus and Turnip mosaic virus were examined. Surprisingly, increased or decreased ISE2 expression led to faster viral systemic spread and, in some cases, enhanced systemic necrosis. The contributions of RNA silencing and hormone-mediated immune responses to the increased viral susceptibility of these plants were assessed. In addition, Arabidopsis thaliana plants with increased ISE2 expression were found to be more susceptible to infection by the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Our analyses provide intriguing insights into unexpected functional roles of a chloroplast protein in mediating plant-pathogen interactions. The possible roles of plasmodesmata in determining the outcomes of these interactions are also discussed.